From Electrons to Bits to Code
The foundation everything else sits on, built from scratch: what electricity actually is, how circuits and transistors switch it, how switches become logic and binary, how logic does math and remembers, how a CPU runs a program, how your code becomes voltages — and why all of it is, underneath, a physical thing an attacker can probe.
Menlo Park — Edison's invention factory
The Flow of Electrons
The first electrical engineering labs
Closing the Loop
Bell Labs — birthplace of the transistor
The Switch That Changed Everything
Shannon's master's thesis at MIT
From Switches to Logic
Leibniz's binary manuscripts
Counting in Twos
The dawn of digital arithmetic
Doing Math with Logic
The age of magnetic cores and silicon memory
How Computers Remember
Intel — the microprocessor revolution
The Brain at Work
The first compilers and high-level languages
From Code to Electricity
The hardware-security frontier
It's All Physical